Ways of increasing the efficiency of public energy service by means of cogeneration implementation

Abstract

In the fuel and energy sector (FEC), the most energy-intensive are the technological processes associated with the production, trans-portation and use of heat energy produced by the boiler houses of the housing and utilities infrastructure, of which there are thousands in the country. Factors such as depreciation of fixed assets, outdated generation structure, scarcity of energy raw materials, significant losses of elec-tricity and heat energy during their transmission lead to a decrease in the quality, reliability and economy of energy supply to consumers in particular. One of the most promising directions of municipal energy modernization is the realization of the principles of cogeneration in the im-plementation of steam turbines. In order to minimize capital investments, this possibility is most effectively implemented in boiler houses, which comprise steam boilers with appropriate parameters. In most cases, the steam produced by such boilers is throttled from 1.6 - 3.0 MPa to 0.2 - 0.5 MPa in the desuperheating and pressure reducing system for supply to boilers. Installing a steam turbine with a backward pressure instead of a desuperheating and pressure reducing system will allow to produce its own electricity, as long as it provides heat and hot water to consumers. This paper presents the possibility of implementing a steam turbine cycle at district boiler houses, assessing the balances of fuel consumption, electricity, heat flows and water consumption. Considered the implementation of cogeneration due to the realization of a steam backward pressure turbine at the boiler house at the address Moskovskyi ave., the electric power capacity of the boiler house is ~ 4 MW. Several variants of steam turbine cycle implementation are considered for this boiler house. With steam backward pressure turbine with electric power 4 MW, 6 MW or 14 MW with the possibility of connection to an existing cycle arrangement. Accord-ing to the results, the most rational option for the project realization is the implementation of the steam turbine P-6-1,6 / 0,2, because the technological scheme and boiler house modes ensure the rated load of the turbine throughout the year. The calculations showed that the excess of electrical power that will be generated at TPP-4 after the installation of the P-6-1,6 / 0,2 tur-bine will be ~ 1.4 MW in winter and ~ 3.7 MW in summer. It can be sold to the network, or, using the services of the network, to send to its users - heat supply stations (other branches). The turbine in summer and winter can operate in one mode.